Nicotine and its Effects on Weight :: Research Papers

Nicotine and its Effects on Weight Introduction Bad breath, yellow teeth, a chronic coughthese are some of the disgusting results of start cigarettes. Why do people continue to smoke when the make are so harmful? The typical response from smokers to this question is that they smoke in value to relax and help relieve stress. Unfortunately, the quick fix happens to be an addictive narcotic. Smoking feeds the addiction, but it also feeds the body with about 40 cancer-causing chemicals as sanitary as almost 4,000 other chemicals (http//www.pueblo.gsa.gov/cic_text/health/w8quit-smoke/index.htm). Besides the visible physical effects, fastball increases the hazard of heart disease, stroke, cancer, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and other lung diseases (http//www.pueblo.gsa.gov/cic_text/health/w8quit-smoke/index.htm). With the first outcome of health warnings on cigarette packages being much than thirty years ago, logically the number of American smokers should have drastically decreased by now. However, canvas show that 32 million Americans continue to smoke according to the American Dietetic Association website (http//www.eatright.org/erm/erm011200.html). Those who continue to smoke, despite the health risks, have decided to learn chances with their long-term health rather than sacrifice the immediate benefits of a cigarette. Many current smokers say they are afraid to quit their destructive habit for guardianship of weight gain associated with the cessation of smoking. The added weight, however, poses a much lower health risk than the continuation of smoking. In order to reach equal health risks of smoking just one pack of cigarettes a day, someone would have to be about 125 pounds overweight (http//www.quitsmoking.com/books/nonag/weightgain.htm). Negative Effects on Women Furthermore, the negative effects smoking has on women are especially grim. A site devoted to women and smoking disclose that in the year 2000, women and young gi rl smokers will have a higher morbidity and mortality rate than that of men. Women smokers have a smaller lung capacity than men, which makes females more vulnerable to the chemicals in cigarette smoke. Also, women smokers have a four times greater chance of developing cervical cancer than non-smokers. Another frightening statistic mentioned in the article says that women who smoked 40 or more cigarettes a day showed a 74% higher risk of developing fatal breast cancer than non-smoking women. Additionally, a woman who smokes has a six-times greater risk of heart attack than men who smoke.

Organ Transplantation and Ethical Considerations Essay -- Medicine Med

Organ Transplantation and Ethical ConsiderationsIn February 2003, 17-year-old Jesica Santillan received a heart-lung transplant at Duke University Hospital that went badly awry because, by mistake, doctors used donor reed organs from a patient with a different blood type. The botched operation and ensuant unsuccessful retransplant opened a discussion in the media, in internet chat rooms, and in ethicists circles regarding how we, in the United States, allocate the extraordinary commodity of organs for transplant. How do we go about allocating a future for people who will die without a transplant? How do we go about denying it? When so umpteen are waiting for their shot at a life worth living, is it fair to grant multiple organs or multiple transplants to a somebody whose chance for survival is slim to none? And though we, as compassionate human beings, want to help everyone, how far should our benevolence extend beyond our borders? are we responsible for seeing that the needy wh o come to America for help receive their chance, or are we morally responsible to our own citizens only? Rationing scarce resources presents an ethical challenge. I believe that since available organs are so scarce, it is imperative that the utility of donated organs be maximized. In this paper, I suggest that organ allocation be rooted in distributive justice, which demands that equals be treated equally and unequals be treated unequally. I will explore this formal tenet and the substantive criteria of equality, need and efficacy (maximum survivability) as they relate to the just allocation of organs for transplant. I will apply these principles of justice to Jsicas case to expose that while her first transplant was warranted, her second was not. And, fin... ...ut Transplant Error, www.ormanager.com/tools/letter.pdfKher, Unmesh and Paul Cuadros, A Miracle Denied, Time Magazine, (March 3, 2003) 61.Kirkpatrick, C.D. and Jim Shamp, Was Second Transplant a Waste of Organs? (Herald-S un, 3/2/03), www.herald-sun.com/archivesMunson, Ronald, Intervention and Reflection, 6 ed (Belmont Wadsworth/Thomson Learning,2000).Ubel, Peter A. Robert M. Arnold and Arthur L. Caplan, Rationing Failure The Ethical LessonsOf the Retransplantation of Scarce Vital Organs, reprinted in Arthur L. Caplan and Daniel H. Coelho, The Ethics of Organ Transplants, (Amhurst, NY Prometheus Books,1998), 260-73.Veatch, Robert M., Transplantation Ethics, (Washington, DC Georgetown UP, 2000), 277-413.Vedantam, Shankar, U.S. Citizens Get More Organs Than They Give, (Washington Post,3/3/03), www.washingtonpost.com/ac2

A Defining Moment In High School Athletics Essay -- Personal Narrative

A Defining Moment In High shoal AthleticsI was a part of something my senior year that not many High School students will ever experience. It is one of those things that I will tell my grand kids about in years to come. The 2002 Fort Defiance Wrestling Team had a winning season with a perfect record. Our accomplishments as a team and as individuals will be in the records books at Fort Defiance High School, Virginia. Students athletes who play sports in school expect dreams for their and themselves. peerless of these dreams is being exceptional enough to make it to the trophy case. We made it The hard work, long practices, and discipline within the sport and us paid off. We were the first grappling iron at Fort Defiance to have a perfect season. The wrestling started training for the perfect season the first Monday after Labor Day it was the 9th of kinsfolk 2002. The day was very hot and muggy. The temperature outside was about 95 degrees. We all knew that practice was going to b e to very tough. We were going to regret not functional out all summer. Since wrestling the team camp had been about two months earlier, and that was the last time we had trained. We knew that we were going to pay a huge price for not listing to our coach and staying in shape. The first couple of weeks were tougher than I imagined. The training went on for the next two months until the season started. Most people looked forward to the determination of the school day when it is time t go stead. However that was not the case for me during wrestling season. My fun was incisively starting. Everyday we ran two miles to start with, then a couple of sprints. Then we would go into the wrestling room and stretch do run downs, which is were you do 15 push-ups then 15 sit-ups then 1... ... a wrestler, its not for all people you either love it or u hate there is no in between, the sport is too hard to just do it for fun. Wrestling demands many things from a person and would not be a spor t for everybody. There have been many times that I have questioned myself in the sport. Its not only the physical aspect that is hard it is the mental aspect as well. Situations like not eating when you come home from practice so you can make weight. Its waking up two hours before school starts so you can run to make weight. Its believing in yourself when no one else does. It is a deep desire from within to be the best that you can be. My Wrestling experience in steep school has shaped my life and made me the person Im today. Being a wrestler is tough, but Im thankful I had the experience. The lessons that I learned and the friendships made will carry though life.

The Politics of Representation: Social Work Lessons From the Advocacy

The Politics of Representation Social Work Lessons From the Advocacy provision Movement In urban plannings new political awareness, representation became a social responsibility issue. This new understanding of politics and social responsibility in urban planning may have brought boundary interaction mingled with planners and other professions, such as social practice IntroductionIn his 1995 article, Andrew Abbott explores his evolving conception of the social work profession. As we approach the new millennium, Abbotts conception becomes strikingly relevant. In brief review, Abbotts first notion posits that social work is a profession of interstitiality. In this context, social workers sympathise and mediate between collogues in highly technical professions and their own social work clients. Abbott refers to this relationship as a social work of boundaries (Abbott, 1995). As the boundaries between other professions remove, the social work interstitiality changes as well - co ined by Abbott the boundaries of social work. Abbott writes the function of social work, like those of other professions, emerged from a continuous conflict and change (Abbott, 1995, p. 552). As examples, Abbott related aspects of conflicts in which social work gained or lost sub-fields to neighboring professions. Abbotts third conception admits that both of his previous notions fail to address the breed of the modern social work profession. In his subsequent exploration of social work origins, Abbott suggests that other professions solidified before social work did, creating the boundaries from which social work emerged (Abbott, 1995). Abbotts three conceptions share the theme that social work does not stand alone as a professi... ...e and the Urban Crisis. New York Pantheon Books.Piven, F. F. & Cloward, R. A. (1971). Regulating the Poor Functions of globe Welfare. New York Pantheon Books.Piven, F. F., Cloward, R. A. (1988). Why Americans Dont Vote. New York Pantheon Books.Plann ers Network. (1999). What is planners network? Planners Network Online. http//www.plannersnetwork.org/.Planning 58 (3). (March 1992). APA News, 36-38.Reiner, J. S., Reimer, E., & Reiner, T. A. (1963). Client analysis and the planning of public programs. Journal of the American found of Planning 29 (4), 270-282.Wachs, M., ed. (1985). Ethics in Planning. New Brunswick, NJ Center for Urban Policy. Webber, M. M. (1973). Comprehensive planning and social responsibility Toward an AIP consensus on the professions roles and purposes. Journal of the American Institute of Planning, 232-241.

Early government Essay -- essays research papers

In early Ameri stomach policy-making science there were two acclivitous political views that were blatantly obvious in the new states federal officialists and anti-federalists. In this paper two main topics of interest for each of the parties will be discussed, the role that enjoinment should have according to the differing views and the subject of foreign policy. The role of government as a according to the Federalists They support a stronger federal government. They felt that people cant govern themselves and that a estate must have a way to get rid of debts.Federalists also believed that only a strong central government can ensure states participation in general good. Therefore representation is distributed more equally a single executive can govern better than denary executives. They felt federal government provides common defense, raises revenue in time of war, and deals with other nations more effectively than a confederation.Federalists were respectable and embraced the cultured and propertied groups. They lived in settled areas along the seaboard, not in the raw backcountry. They were in outlook rather closely akin to the conservative Loyalist group of Revolutionary days. still by remaining Loyalists it assisted them in the ratification.Federalists strongly supported the Constitution. Anti-federalists were alarmed by the absence of a bill of rights. Federalists assured them it would be added by amendment. Federalists believed that the three branches of government-legislative, judicial and executive- effectively represent the people. Anti-federalists, on the other hand, opposed the stronger federal government. The felt states had rights, which the central government threatened to trample. In their eyes the constitution is a tyrannical document without a Bill of Rights. The constitution granted too much power over taxation to the Federal government.The anti-federalists has strong opinions when it came to the branches on the federal government. Con gress should not have the power to meddle in the commerce of the states. The federal legislature is designed as an aristocratic institution, determined to steal the political prerogative of the people.The Anti-federalists consisted primarily, though not only, of the states rights devotees, the back-country dwellers, the one-horse farmers,... ...main backers of the party were wealthy and well-known, and thus would be able to weather conflicts with foreign countries. II.Federalist Party positions intrusion on nation A.Washington and Adams were first two Presidents & also Federalists (although Washington to somewhat lesser extent) thus their actions were those of the Federalist Party and also the first major actions of the nation in foreign affairs. III.Democratic-Republican position A.Wanted to settle with French and British, due to the Statess lack of a strong military. B.Overall justification America wasnt a world power, and thus it was a poor idea to provoke Britain and France. A lso, war would have an extremely negative effect on the farmers and merchants which do up the party. IV.Democratic-Republican positions impact on nation Constituencies of party were employed in the tasks of most of the nation (farming, mercantilism, etc.) Thus, the interests of the majority of the citizens seemed to be with the Democratic-Republicans.

Early government Essay -- essays research papers

In early American government there were two emerging political views that were blatantly obvious in the new states federalists and anti-federalists. In this paper two main topics of interest for each of the parties will be discussed, the role that government should gravel according to the differing views and the subject of unknown policy. The role of government as a according to the Federalists They support a stronger federal government. They felt that people cant govern themselves and that a nation must have a way to get rid of debts.Federalists also believed that only a strong central government can ensure states participation in ordinary good. Therefore representation is distributed more equally a single executive can govern better than multiple executives. They felt federal government provides parkland defense, raises revenue in time of war, and deals with other nations more effectively than a confederation.Federalists were respectable and embraced the cultured and propertied groups. They lived in settled areas along the seaboard, not in the raw backcountry. They were in outlook rather closely akin to the conservative Loyalist group of Revolutionary days. But by remaining Loyalists it assisted them in the ratification.Federalists strongly supported the Constitution. Anti-federalists were alarmed by the absence of a bill of rights. Federalists assured them it would be added by amendment. Federalists believed that the three branches of government-legislative, judicial and executive- effectively represent the people. Anti-federalists, on the other hand, opposed the stronger federal government. The felt states had rights, which the central government threatened to trample. In their eyes the constitution is a tyrannical document without a accuse of Rights. The constitution granted too much exponent over taxation to the Federal government.The anti-federalists has strong opinions when it came to the branches on the federal government. Congress should not hav e the power to meddle in the commerce of the states. The federal legislature is designed as an aristocratic institution, determined to steal the political prerogative of the people.The Anti-federalists consisted primarily, though not only, of the states rights devotees, the back-country dwellers, the jerkwater farmers,... ...main backers of the party were wealthy and well-known, and thusly would be able to weather conflicts with foreign countries. II.Federalist Party positions mend on nation A.Washington and Adams were get-go two Presidents & also Federalists (although Washington to somewhat lesser extent) thus their actions were those of the Federalist Party and also the first major actions of the nation in foreign affairs. III.Democratic-Republican position A. cherished to settle with French and British, due to Americas lack of a strong military. B.Overall justification America wasnt a world power, and thus it was a poor idea to provoke Britain and France. Also, war would hav e an extremely negative effect on the farmers and merchants which made up the party. IV.Democratic-Republican positions impact on nation Constituencies of party were employed in the tasks of most of the nation (farming, mercantilism, etc.) Thus, the interests of the majority of the citizens seemed to be with the Democratic-Republicans.

Controversy Over Full-Body Scanners

Having security inside an airdrome is a necessary and important arctic precaution, but there is controversy as to how to achieve an effective airport screening system, and yet provide privacy to travelers. A recent national overturn has arisen on the topic of installing new Full Body Scanners into airport security systems nationwide. The electronic scanners ar thought to be an invasion of privacy, have a precise high cost, and are an unable security method.One of the key issues for the usage of full body scans is that it can be a major invasion of privacy to slew creation screened during the airport security process. For instance in the member Debate Over Full Body Scans vs. Invasion of secrecy Flares After Incident, the author john Schwartz explains that images produced by the machine can be startlingly detailed(1). So despite claims of blurry and opaque images they can in fact have the authorisation to become detailed images.This could potentially make the security proc ess a humiliating pay back and discourage some people from air travel. In other(a) article by U. S. A today Our View On Transportation Security Airport Body Scanners Balance Safety and Privacy, they found out that TSA want to buy scanners that can store and send images in test mode(1). If the scanners that can store photos are utilized by airport security systems, because it is possible that the images could be copied or shared.People should non have to worry that their semi nude images are going to be shared, however slight the risk. Is it not consecutive that travellers should feel comfortable during the check in process and not need to be concerned about a humiliating or undignified experience? Another important argument against the instillation of full body scanners is that they can be overly expensive relative to traditional screening methods. Jessica Ravidz supports this argument in her article Airport Security Bares All, or does it?, saying each machine can cost up to a total of $170,000 per scanner(1). It is a dearly-won and unnecessary project because there is already a effective security system in place. It would be cheaper to stay with the current methods of security, such as coat attainors and pat downs than to incorporate a much more costly alternative. A story in The Wall Street Journal TSA Pressed on Full-Body Scans disrespect Concerns, Cam Simpson and Daniel Michaels say in the paper that The U. S.Transporation Security Administration plans to buy 450 body scanners, and that the Department of Homeland Security announced that they are purchasing 300 more this year(1). This is a large fund of money that could be used for better training, different technologies, and more efficient systems moving people through the airport security process. Another way the money could be used is to fund investigations and intelligence work and detect threats before they even arrive at the airport. The pecuniary costs vs benefits to airport security do es not appear to support adding Full Body Scanners to our current methods.A different debate on the usage of body scanners is that they are an ineffective security system and cannot detect certain objects. An example is in the story Debate Over Full Body Scanner vs. Invasion of Privacy Flares Anew After Incident, by John Schwartz states that the machines cannot, for example, detect objects stowed in bodily orifices or concealed within folds of an obese persons flesh(2). This proves that the scanner technology is limited and can be deceived under certain circumstances. Therefore the scanners are only useful against a limited number of threats.In the same article Bruce Schneider, a technological security expert is interviewed and says If there are a hundred tactics and I protect against two of them, Im not making you safer, if we use full body scanning, they are going to use something else(2). He brings up a point that even though the scanners can detect certain concealed objects they still only protect against a few specific threats. And now that people know about the scans and how they work they now similarly know how to get around them. Those are the reasons on why it is an inefficient security method and should not be put into use as patriarchal airport security.In conclusion this proves that the usage of Full Body Scanners in airports would not be a conventional method to replacing current security processes. The reasons being on why they would not be viable solution are that they are an invasion of privacy to travelers, a costly national project, and would be an ineffective method for increasing security. The solution to the problem dealing with body scanners is to not install them in airports at all, but to stay with traditional methods and finding other means to improve on the current system.

Data Collection Plan Essay

AbstractPostoperative Pulmonary complications (PPC) such as atelectasis, impaired gas exchange, pneumonia and stabbing respiratory failure (ARF) ar not uncommon in patients undergoing major surgery and are a leading cause of increased patient morbidity, mortality and increased length of hospital collar (Yoder, Sharma, Hollingsworth, Talavera, & Rice, 2013). Healthcare professionals are now expected to give patients verifiably effective treatments by implementing current evidence based practice (EBP). In order to do so, interventions to prevent PPCs must be investigated. The aim of this say was to evaluate the effectiveness of adding incentive spirometry (IS) to traditional postoperative chest physiotherapy (CPT) and respiratory care. Eighty patients between 30 and 50 yr old who had underg i surgery participated in the battlefield. Patients were divided into two groups the intervention group where IS was used in auxiliary to the traditional CPT, and the control group which incl uded tho traditional CPT. The results obtained in the investigation indicated that there were significant differences between both groups at the end of the study in terms of PPCs and hospital length of stay (LOS). Conclusion Addition of IS to postoperative care helped in controlling PPCs. Keywords postoperative pulmonic complication, incentive spirometer, chest physiotherapy, length of StayResearch QuestionIn postsurgical patients, how does using incentive spirometer, compared to not using incentive spirometer, affect incidence of PPCs and hospital LOS?HypothesisBecause the risk for developing PPCs is not well studied specific numbers of natural events are difficult to predict. However, it was hypothesized that patients who incorporated IS as part of their postoperative care would have a clinically significant decrease in the occurrence of PPCs and hospital LOS compared to those who did not incorporate IS into their postoperative care. Data CollectionA quasi-experimental control trial was conducted from February 1, 2014 to May 31, 2014. The lead researcher, Adrienne Hinson, collected the data personally. During the four calendar month study, eighty patients ranging in age from 30 to 50 years old who were undergoing surgery where the abdomen or chest was opened were selected randomly from the General process Department at McLeod Regional Medical Center in Florence, SC. On sampling days, patients meeting the criteria were numbered chronologically based on their surgery time. For eighty succeeding(prenominal) business days, iodin of the patients was chosen randomly using a random numbers table created on Microsoft Excel. Patients who had recently been diagnosed with or treated for acute pulmonary complications, those who could not be instructed or supervised to assure appropriate use of the IS, and patients whose cooperation or comprehension was lacking were excluded from the study.All appropriate procedures were used to safeguard the rights of study parti cipants. The study was externally reviewed by the hospitals institutional review board before data collection began. Patients received verbal and written explanations of the study purpose and data collection procedures and after indicating willingness to participate in the study, voluntary informed approve was obtained (See Appendix A). Information included within the informed consent included participant status participants were told which postoperative activities were deed, and which activities were being evaluated. Participants were informed that the data collected about them would be used for research purposes. The overall goals of the research, to evaluate to addition of IS to postoperative care, was described to patients. Participants were informed about which types of data would be collected, what procedures they would undergo, and how they were selected. The time frame of the commitment was defined as beginning on post-op day one and lasting until their follow upvisit afte r discharge. Information regarding funding was available to participants. All participants were educated on potential risks and benefits of participation. Finally, patients were assured that their privacy would be protected at all times and that they would be allowed to withdraw from the study at any point during their hospital stay (Polit & Beck, 2012).The patients were deliberately placed into one of two experimental groups. Deliberate placement reduces confounding by ensuring the two groups were comparable when age, sex, smoking history, type of surgery and post-operative analgesia were compared. The control group consisted of 40 patients who underwent routine chest physiotherapy (CPT) postoperatively, as recommended by the Clinical Practice Guidelines set forth by The Agency for Healthcare Research Quality (2011). A physiotherapist supervised and assisted the treatment twice a day in the first two postoperative days and once a day from the tierce to the tenth days. During any session, the patients performed three to five sound breaths interspersed with periods of quiet breathing followed by two or three coughs or huffs with support from a rest at least 10 times over a 15 minutes period. Additional techniques such as positioning and chest wall percussion were applied if breathing and coughing exercises alone were not effective in clearing excessive or retained pulmonary secretions. Patients were instructed to perform coughing and deep breathing exercises independently every hour while awake. The treatment group consisted of the remaining 40 patients who as well followed the same Clinical Practice Guidelines but also received breathing exercise training with IS (Voldyne Volumetric manufactured by Sherwood Medical Company U.S.A.)In addition to the routine chest physiotherapy up to the tenth postoperative day. Application of breathing training with incentive spirometry was applied for five minutes, five times a day (El-Marakby et al., 2013). Monitoring b egan immediately postoperatively and continued until discharge. Hospital LOS was documented for each patient, along with whether or not the patient developed a PPC within 10 days of surgery. The researcher move on each hospitalized patient daily to ensure compliance and to update discharges and PPC diagnoses. In order to determine LOS, participant observation was used as a tool to collect data. LOS was calculated by subtracting day of admission from day of discharge. Date of admission was the date of surgery for all participants. Date of discharge was unflinchingby the surgical teams, who were blinded to the study and therefore measures are not likely to be influenced by reactivity (Polit & Beck, 2012). PPCs were defined as any pulmonary abnormality that produced identifiable disease or dysfunction, was clinically significant, and adversely affected the postoperative clinical course (Hayden, Mayer, & Stoller, 1995). Patients were monitored daily for 10 days for the diagnosis of a PPC.Given this definition, PPCs documented included atelectasis, pneumonia, acute respiratory failure, and exacerbation of COPD. Along with physical assessment and past history, biophysiological measures were used as data collection tools to help in the diagnosis of PPCs (See Appendix C). Equipment and lab analysis were readily available and tests for biophysiological measures were completed by the appropriate staff at McLeod Regional Medical Center. purchase order tests and the interpretation of results was fulfilled solely by the healthcare providers as deemed necessary. The researchers were not responsible for diagnosing PPCs, but rather the observation and recording of data. Biophysiological measures for diagnosing acute respiratory failure include a low level of oxygen a pulse oximetry falling below 80% saturation on mode air or when arterial blood gas shows PaO2.

Article Review of Organizational Culture Essay

It was not expected that the gradable baby-sit would be dominant given the previous attempt to change the polish. The altruistic value of those surveyed indicated they are committed to social development and normal interests and are most comfortable with a hierarchical dominate civilisation. The sample size of 530 participants obtained from the macrocosm Sector Directory was an adequate size. All of the executives in the directory were included in the survey, which suggests a less than random selection process for the final candidates.However, the sextet varied departments selected equal central coordination, infrastructure provision and social services. Although an almost two to one ratio of male to female employee responses were utilized, none of the demographic variables collected in separate C of the three part survey affected the perceptions of the current glossiness. Sections A and B of the survey gathered information on character, managers, cohesion, emphases and rew ards. Results indicated that Departments A D preferable the internal process or group culture.Department E preferred the internal process model, but it was equally comfortable with rational goal model indicating goal fulfillment was a requirement. Department F results indicated a comfort level with the rational goal model most likely due to their interactive responsibilities with other departments. Forcing change from a formalized, rules and rewards based culture to a more flexible, decentralized culture could create individual- cheek value conflict resulting in stress. Of the population surveyed but 191, 36%, was usable and the male respondents outnumbered the female respondents nearly 3 to 1.The survey, divided into three sections dealing with perceptions of the current culture, respondent ideal culture, and demographic information. The survey reviled 4 out of 6 habitual sector departments in the try held to the traditional model. The findings also suggest organisational cult ure is driven at the non-managerial employee level and the late embedded cultural values cant be forced any form of management. The article mentions the constant state of transition is the Queensland g all overnment over a twenty year period employees may value the stability and predictability of the traditional bureaucratic model.Base on the research and finding in the article, culture change must target the organization at the non-managerial level in exhibition for the culture change to be effective. In order for Queensland traditionally bureaucratic organizations to embrace high playing teams, the change must address the drives of the driving force of the traditional model culture the non-managerial employees. In forming high performing teams for the Queensland public sector, it is important to investigate the factors/components of those teams.Also, because most teams are unique in their goals and focus, there is no off the shelf solution for all teams (Davenport, 2001) and t hat there is no singular, uniform measure of performance effectiveness for groups (Guzzo and Dickson, 1996. p. 309). By creating a customized plan for transitioning, Queensland public sector can move from a control hierarchical organizational culture to a culture of change, flexibility, and productivity. The Queensland public sector was managed for so many decades using the top down management that the culture of the organizations productivity depended on it.The results of the study can be supported by the need for stability which can exclusively be changed by small adjustment to small changes (Bhide 2010). The culture of the organization is controlled by political authority, so it was not surprising that a hierarchical process model was so deeply rooted in to the essence of the governance employees who understood the leadership values (Goodwin and Neck, 1998). Organizations lack of understanding of their members caused employees to be less adaptable to change, and with that less productive.Employees will move to do only their specific functions and only respond to the tasks directed by their manager, which is contradicting to the desired results of flexibility, and supports the article results (Miller S 2009). Beyond top-down and bottom-up work redesign, explains Authority is traditionally conceptualized as hierarchical, but the informal authority operates day to day work of organizations. This proved to be true for the Queensland public sector with few exceptions such as a high commitment to the rules and the attention to details.These changes have also been achieved on a federal level with similar setbacks who still managed to overcome the existing dominant culture (189). Just because the organization is not dominated by the new managerialist thinking as stated in Organisational culture in the public sector article, cock up and Loch explain that this does not mean that there is not a need for a bottom-up participation which was part of the work environme nt before the values of the employees were, in a way, forced to be changed for unexplained reasons to them.As a result of such, this did cause setbacks in the cultural change that was attempted. Changing the value of a large group of people within the company is next to impossible when its so closely tied to their private beliefs such as the members of the Queensland public sector. In order to move from a hierarchical process model of an organization to a more flexible and change oriented one, organizations must original understand their employees preferred organizational structure, and then create a corporate culture which employees can behind get accustom to.In the case of six organizations in the Queensland public sector, the transformation required a culture change from the Mechanistic to Organic organizational structure and this should have been done very slowly only after understanding the values of those involved. One easy way to get this information is to have employees pe rform a self-assessment. Because a corporate culture is influenced by the industry in which the organization operates, outside factors such as political control have to be considered in a path taken to change employees assumptions, values, and artifacts (McGraw-Hill Companies, 2002-2009).Before an organization can move from a hierarchical process to a more flexible one employees must understand the benefits of sack their culture from control to performance, where their input is valued. Through our research and critical analysis of the six organizations in the Queensland public sector, it is evident to us that the paradigm public organizations are functioning in will not change easily. Though the employees have to be able to accept change and shift, employers must understand that the need to create an environment that fosters a corporate cultural environment is vital.Change is inevitable but a positive response to the change is not. Without the strategic readying of organizational leaders, we will continue to see results like we saw with the six organizations in Queensland the entire organization has to be a part of the implementation, intimately, in order for it to be effective. Unfortunately, when employees of any organization settle for the norm, they will not only resist change but they will fear it.

Japan in World War II

Using these four passages and your give knowledge, asses the view that lacquer was driven into war with the western powers in 1941 by the Statesn policies. Both renderings B and D prove that America was the only driving force that caused a war in the Pacific. The inunct trade embargo that America enforced in 1940 was an incentive for japan, a country very reliant on imports of which most primarily came from America feeding its daily enjoyment of 12,000 tons of oil,to decl atomic number 18 war on the country that was slowing its progress to conquer China.Interpretation B evokes that moderates and militants alike saw American pressure as incitive thus creating a tension in the Pacific, with the American foreign policy at the forefront of the Nipponese incursion, this would leave Japan with no choice further to declare war. Japans reluctance to enter a war with America is also shown in this edition where numerous times they extended a deadline to lift the oil embargo by 15t hOctober. The date was later extended to 25thNovember and then to 30thNovember.Japan would have to fight America if the life strangling embargo was not lifted as it was their only choice out of a possible two the different was pulling out of China and no Nipponese leader counselled the latter. This proves that without Americas strict oil embargo than a war in the Pacific may never have occurred. However America would never have left China to the aggressive advances of Japan. On the different hand interpretation B disagrees and displays Japan as irrational and links with interpretation A in seeing Japan as naive and unthinking.This is presented by the comment do by the Japanese general in interpretation B which reads sometimes a man has to jump with his eyes closed from the veranda of aKiyomizu temple. The remark confirms the argument that Japans leaders were unthinking and made decisions without knowing the consequences for example the attack on Pearl Harbour in December 1941. Overall this interpretation sees US pressure as a profound cause for aggression Japan was being starved of its essential oil that it used to fuel its conquests.However American byplay for the safety of Asia would ultimately lead to a war in the Pacific and Japanese hostility was solely to blame. Interpretation D also shows Japans aggression being sparked by American decisions. For example America, most of all, stood in the way stood in the way of this through their control of resources in South East Asia. Americas grip on all vital resources in the Pacific would have driven Japan to war as it was the only alternative to stop America whilst still tutelage control over China.The leading philosophies of the time, assumed that acquiring an empire provided the basis of prosperity and future national security. This on the other hand contradicts the interpretation as it presents Japan as an empire with clear instructions on how to achieve wealth through imperialism. This is shown thro ughout the passage where by the time the war in China began in 1937 politicians favouring enlargementism were in high offices of state. America is no longer the only reason that war began as the views of the leaders in 1937 were evidently expansionist.Japan does not want any relations with America as in the eyes of Japans leaders that would have entailed a colossal loss of prestige with incalculable internal consequences. Japan and the US both operated with an imperialist mindset, but Japan government had mishandled the position they found themselves in Overall this proves that Japan had their own aims and expansionist policies and America stood in the way of Japan and war would have been inevitable between to very imperialist countries that both sort out an empire.To tally this interpretation although it shows that America holds back Japan through its strict rationing of resources in the South East Asia, Japans leaders had their particular policies which obscure expansion and so American decisions would not have changed the inevitable outcome of war. However the reliability of the interpretation is undependable as the argument against the leaders black choices were the decisions of mentalists and no such evidence and or facts were used to justify the historians view and Japans actions as to why they made the decision to advance southbound in 1940.Interpretations A and C both make arguments that it wasnt Americas foreign policys causing war. Interpretation A makes the contend that nothing could have prevented a Japanese-American war after Japans takeover of French Indochina in July 1941, America had a reason to be dysphoric about the future of the Pacific as before July 1941 lay the shadow of Japanese aggression in China again the Japanese aggression and expansionist policies linked with interpretation D is evidence that it was Japans policies not Americas that were driving them closer that would eventually lead to war.Japan had no existing plan as t o how they would fight off the Menace. Again this speculates that Japanese aggression was not thought through and they were blinded by easy victories. This meant that Japanese violence had no end in what the thought they could accomplish leading them to start a war they could not win. However the interpretation perceives that America knew that Japanese aggression could only be strangled by stopping the flow of essential war materials, and with this knowledge this American Policy they could stop Japan.This would lead Japan to a war as America was holding back there essential resources that the required to survive the war with China. However the interpretation does not state whether they imposed the embargo. The U. S. government froze all Japanese assets in America and launched an oil embargo after July 1941, to protest Japans aggression in China and Indochina. Trade was ended with Japans attack on Pearl Harbour on December 7, 1941.Interpretation C is also against as it evidently sho ws that Russian policy was a cause of war. Japan was having difficulty keeping Russia out of Manchuria and there were several disputes along the Soviet Manchukuo border. The major conflicts included the Tauran misfortune in March 1936 the Kanchatzu incident June-July 1937, the Amurincident June-July 1937, the Changkufeng incident July-August 1938 and the Nomoham incident May-September 1939. Japan was rightfully worried about the Russian borders and so therefore not America.In contribute the Imperial Japanese Army recorded a total of 152 minor incidents on the border of Manchuria between 1932 and 1934. That number then increased to over 150 per year for the next two years and the scale of the incidents became larger. The Japanese would later sign the Soviet-Japanese Neutrality pact on April 13th 1941. The amount of defeats that Japan endured along the Soviet Manchukuo border would have Japans highest concern and not America over the Pacific.This is also shown when Japan released a new foreign policy concerning the progressive development of Manchukuo. The document stated that thwarting the USSRs aggressive intentions, therefore had become the most crucial element in our diplomacy thus proving America Policies were not the only, and Japan was concerned about aggression from the eastern powers. Japans wariness about Russia also lead it the Japanese-German pact the building block for the Anti-Comintern pact this and not America would lead to war.Western anguish about the Tripartite Pact, which was signed by the three leading Axis in 1941, is also shown in this interpretation as an argument against the American thing as this displays a growing concern from Britain, the Soviet union and America. Conclusion The overwhelming volume of the interpretations are against the interpretation that Americas policies where the cause of War 1941 the mention of other European powers that took the attention of Japan away from America. The Manchukuo border was Japans top pr iority as it guarded there empire whereas the Pacific was between them and America.It wasnt just other countries power and aggression that sparked the war Japan too had plans for a large empire in China to ensure there prosperity. Interpretations A, B and D are linked and show Japan as a key factor in the beginning of a war as there aggressive expansion led to their inevitable involvement in World War II. It was the naive and unthinking choices made by the leaders of Japan in the 1940s to attempt the incursion of America. Almost all interpretations argue against the statement that it was American policy driving Japan to war.However interpretation B proves that Americas oil embargo was threatening Japans vital oil supply and in interpretation A the American Public and Press establishes that to continue supplying such materials to an aggressor was an abet to aggression. To conclude the argument that the majority of interpretations are against however the fact that Japans attention wa s drawn to the Manchukuo border cannot be forgotten as that used around 80,000 men of which they lost about 29,000 of them and shows that the policies of the consort were pressuring Japan.

Case 1.12:Madoff Securities

Case 1. 12 Madoff Securities Questions 1. Research recent developments involving this slick. Summarize these developments in a bullet format. 2. Suppose that a large investment warm had just or so 10 percent of its total assets invested in funds managed by Madoff securities. What audit procedures should the investment buckrams independent attendants has applied to those assets? 3. Describe the nature and subroutine of a peer review. Would peer reviews of Friehling & Horowitz conduct likely resulted in the baring of the Madoff fraudulence? Why or why not? 4.Professional auditing standards discuss the three primaeval conditions that are typically present when a financial fraud occurs and identify a lengthy list of fraud risk factors. Briefly explain the inequality between a fraud condition and a fraud risk factors, and provide examples of each. What fraud conditions and fraud risk factors were apparently present in the Madoff case? 5. In addition to the reforms menti mavi nd in this case, recommend other financial reporting and auditing-related reforms that would likely be effective in preventing or detecting frauds similar to that perpetrated by Madoff. Answers 1.Recent developments involving the case Madoff Securities Bernie Madoffs son, Mark Madoff committed suicide on December 11, 2010. His suicide may generate been influenced beca expenditure there was an investigation on Marks children on grounds that Bernie transferred funds to their accounts. Peter Madoff pleaded guilty to his involvement in the Ponzi scheme run by his brother. Peter Madoff served as the chief compliance officer. Irving Picard, the regent in charge of liquidating Madoffs assets, has asked a New York court for approval to distribute an additional $1. 5 billion to investors who lost m one and only(a)y in Madoffs fraudulent investments.It is estimated that Picard has already recovered $9. 1 billion but has only been able to distribute $1. 1 billion so far. In May 2010, about 72 0,000 Madoff investors outside the United States settled with their banks, receiving about $15. 5 billion in all, according to law firms representing them. In June 2012, the Supreme Court said it would not establish up a dispute over how the claims of victims of Mr. Madoffs huge Ponzi scheme should be calculated. Without comment, the high court declined to hear an appeal from lawyers for investors who got back all the specie they had invested with Mr.Madoff before his December 2008 arrest. 2. If a large investment firm had approximately 10 percent of its total assets invested in funds managed by Madoff Securities, the audit procedures that the firms independent auditors should look very closely are some procedures that will help the auditor to identify inherent and control risks that contribute to misstatements in balance sheets. He/she should make sure that the detection risk is as low as possible and the key transactions are confirmed for its accuracy.By addressing issues of mat eriality, the auditor will eliminate misstatements to overstate the investment on the balance sheets. PCAOB AU Section 329A states that understanding financial relationships is essential in planning and evaluating results of analytical procedures and mainly requires knowledge of the client industry. The auditor, by understanding the nature of the business can identify and categorize the types of risk that can be assessed. The auditor will have to do research about the business and how transactions are handled and processed.Knowing about the clients business the auditor will better obtain sufficient, reliable, and relevant evidence to achieve his audit objectives. Analytical procedures are used as a all important(p) test where the auditor considers the level of assurance he/she wants from the substantive test for audit objective. The independent auditor main goal is to be able to establish the accuracy of major accounts and confirm that the assets the firm has recorded actually ex ist. For instance, the auditor should to take key transactions of the assets and make sure that those transactions are accurate and recorded properly.Also he may conduct bank reconciliations on pertinent accounts to make sure no discrepancies or misstatements are found. The auditor should also perform vertical and horizontal analysis for the income statements and balance sheets by the use of ratios. Moreover, the auditor should preform test for effectiveness of home(a) controls. He may interview management by asking questions on the process of the transactions and available activities. He may discuss with management the process of some transactions from beginning to end and then test it by using sample testing.Also he/she should make sure that there is proper control of activities policies and procedures for adequate segregation of duties are met. 3. A peer review is a process of subjecting research methods and findings to the take of others who are experts in the same field. The purpose is designed to prevent dissemination of irrelevant findings, unwarranted claims, unacceptable interpretations, and personal views. It relies on colleagues that review one some others work and make an informed decision about whether it is legitimate, and adds to the large dialogue or findings in the field.A peer review of Frieshling & Horowitz would result in the discovery of the Madoff fraud because questions would have been raised about the resource capability of the firm to handle such a large account given that it only had one accountant. Moreover, the Standards for Performing and Reporting on Peer Reviews Section 1000 states that purpose is to provide standards for administrating, planning, preforming a good monitoring of the CPA firms bill and auditing practice to promote good quality to serve the public interest. 4.The SAS 99 describes three conditions of fraud incentives/pressures to commit fraud, opportunities that circumstances provide opportunities to commit, an d attitudes/rationalizations which is an attitude, a character or set of ethical values exists that allows management or employees to commit dishonest act. Some of the fraud risk factors in Madoff Securities case include Incentives/Pressures Greenness- Madoff always treasured more. He wanted to maintain a rich lifestyle for him and his family, as well as to stay as one of the top investment firm.Opportunities Madoff firm did not have proper monitoring controls as well as the ineffective accounting system, internal audit and information technology staff. Attitudes/Rationalizations No one unders likewised his strategy no one could communicate with him about investments SAS 99 requires the auditor to assess whether fraud risk factors exist. Fraud risk means that the likeliness of committing the fraud is high. For instance based on case some of fraud risk factors are high degree of competition or market saturation, tended to(p) by declining margins. assets, liabilities, revenues, or expenses based on significant estimates 5. Other reforms recommended are for the victims of the fraud would be that the victims need to be more aware of whom they are place their money with. The victims should perform more research the company in which they would like to invest their money. They should ask them self-questions if the business owner has a good reputation, is he/she have a criminal record, and if he/she has experience in operating a business. Also, today the economy is hard and if a return on an investment seems too good to be true probably here is something wrong going on (fraud class, prof. Edward Mann). Moreover, the other ways that would effectively prevent or detect fraud similar to Madoff are organizing the enforcement division that will monitoring unusual investment returns, improving fraud detection procedures for examiners, recruiting staff with specialized experience, expanding and targeting training to improving internal controls procedures, introduce firms with whistleblower program increasing educational request for specific licenses oversight management and employees

Images of Power and Authority in Art Essay

Art has been utilise to portray figures of forcefulness and authority many times in history. Different cultures have different ways of portraying the image to have power and authority. angiotensin-converting enzyme example of using art to portray images of power and authority is the Victory Stele of Naram-Sin. This was made to scar King Naram-Sin for his defeat of Lullubi. The King stands alone at the top, taller than everyone else. This shows that he is more powerful than anyone else. The King in like manner wears a horned helmet that shows godliness. Celestial bodies shine upon him also showing him as a deity. His troops atomic number 18 lined up behind him in an orderly fashion, showing his reign and also the discipline and scheme of his forces. He and his army have complete control of the subdued enemy, showing that he and his army are superior. Art was also used to portray images of power and authority in the times of Ancient Egypt. This is shown in the Statue of Khafre . On the seat Khafre is sitting in there is an image of intertwined lotus and papyrus which symbolizes united Egypt. The falcon covering his head is Horus, the god the sky and heavens.This implies the pharaohs divine status. The pharaoh is also shaped with a canon of ideal proportions, which is suitable for someone as arrant(a) as the pharaoh. Also the expression on the pharaohs face is calm and shows eternal strength and life. Many of the traits in both examples constitute how their cultures image of power and authority. Bibliography 1) Gardners Art with the Ages Tenth Edition, p.50,75-76. 2) www.coco.cc.az.us/apetersen/ _ART201/old_king.htm 3) www.coco.cc.az.us/apetersen/ _ART201/akkad.htm 4) Ancient Egypt, World Book Encyclopedia, 1990. Images of Power and Authority in Art Art has been used to portray figures of power and authority many times in history. Different cultures have different ways of portraying the image to have power and authority. One example of using art to portr ay images of power and authority is the Victory Stele of Naram-Sin. This was made to commemorate King Naram-Sin for his defeat of Lullubi. The King stands alone at the top, taller than everyone else. This shows that he is more powerful than anyone else.The King also wears a horned helmet that shows godliness. Celestial bodies shine upon him also showing him as a deity. His troops are lined up behind him in an orderly fashion, showing his control and also the discipline and organization of his forces. He and his army have complete control of the subdued enemy, showing that he and his army are superior. Art was also used to portray images of power and authority in the times of Ancient Egypt. This is shown in the Statue of Khafre. On the seat Khafre is sitting in there is an image of intertwined lotus and papyrus which symbolizes united Egypt. The falcon covering his head is Horus, the god the sky and heavens. This implies the pharaohs divine status. The pharaoh is also shaped with a c anon of ideal proportions, which is suitable for someone as perfect as the pharaoh. Also the expression on the pharaohs face is calm and shows eternal strength and life. Many of the traits in both examples constitute how their cultures image of power and authority.Bibliography1) Gardners Art Through the Ages Tenth Edition, p.50,75-76. 2) www.coco.cc.az.us/apetersen/ _ART201/old_king.htm 3) www.coco.cc.az.us/apetersen/ _ART201/akkad.htm 4) Ancient Egypt, World Book Encyclopedia, 1990.

The Role of Government and the Relationship Between the Individual and the State

Lara OGorman The legacy of an empire is defined by its ability to conquer and make a mark on hostelry. Many people throughout history sought to create empires as a way to establish their ability. Often when wiz looks at the wide spectrum of history, close to empires only last a few hundred of years and then dwindle out. After their fall, their legacy does non continue and their history is loss to the ages. Without a legacy, Rome would have ceased to exist, and would non have carried its ideals to post-classical civilizations.Rome had a successful and functioning government that help established its index number, grandeur, and impressive know leadge of the arts. Within society it is vital to have a dependable and structured government as to prevent uproar and rebellion. The importance of a stable and decently government is portrayed in the literary work Lord of the Flies and the idealization of political rulers and the subordination of subjects is conveyed through the art pie ces the Bronze Statue of the Emperor Trebonianus Gallus and the Marble depicting of Marcus Aurelius.Rome is remembered as a vast empire that stood above all surrounding civilizations with pride and honor. Rome, at its highest point, was thought of as immortal and impenetrable. It was only until the delaying decay of the empire that people thought of it as mortal. Before the detrimental rippling stages of the fall of Rome, powerful rulers and structured government was instilled within the empire. Several of these powerful emperors kept Rome under their rule by subordinating their subjects and by enforcing political unity. Other rulers used tolerance and active roles in society to call forth to their subjects.One ruler, Marcus Aurelius ascended to the throne in 161 AD and was deemed a philosopher king that was different from his predecessors. His philosopher status is recorded through the common depiction of him in a toga and adorning a Greek-inspired beard. He was interested in ra tional thinking and tolerated all different sects of religion. Some say that his openness was his downfall and that his optimistic view of all things caused him to allow one of Romes worst emperors into his line of heir. Aurelius had an active role in government and did non discriminate against lower class people moving up in the world.He allowed people that were fit for government job, no matter what class, to have a say. This demonstrates his thought on his subordinates and how he not afraid to converse and enquire himself with them. His openness is reflected in the calm and composed face of the portrait and how he is wise and is making a noble decision. Marcus was a fierce ruler and a good general, despite Romes loss against the Germanic tribes in war. The toga in which is realistically draped over his torso can be interpret as a generals attire. The militaristic style of his clothing suggest that he is the protector and is a strong ruler.Marcus lived a life of highlife and s uffered little. His wealth enabled him to surround himself with items of luxury. The emperor of Rome usually had portrait busts of their ancestors within his palace, which communicates the important and high position Marcus Aurelius had within society. The portrait busts were usually idealized, which can be see in the flawless bust that communicates that Marcus Aurelius was a strong, intelligent, and wealthy ruler. A second ruler, whom in contrast used his power and agency to rule his subordinates, ascended to power after the death of Decius in 251 AD at the battle of Abrittus.There, Trebonianus Gallus took on the position of ruling the vast and expansionist civilization of Rome. The troops that Decius led claimed Trebonianus Gallus a suitable ruler receivable to his familiarity with the government and his influence as a senate member. Gallus, to prevent the Goths from attacking again, signed a peace accord that stated he would pay yearly tri savee to them. To demonstrate Gallus power over his subjects and ability to make executive decisions, the bronze statue portrays his arm argon outstretched. This gesture is common with giving commands and looking down upon subjects from a higher point in society.Once Gallus was instated as emperor, he found that his empire had sprain plague stricken and the Roman population was dropping. To gain admiration from his subjects he buried the dead plague victims properly and spared no expense. This action suggests a positive personality, which is further expressed in the facial expression. Gallus, however, was seen inept in all other political categories. He was indecisive about detrimental political decisions, which greatly affected the state. due to Gallus lack of political attractorship, rebellions sparked within the empire, causing Trebonianus to flee to the north with his troops.The facial expression of the statue could also be interpreted as oblivious to his political duties and to the betrayal he would soon face . With the threat of defeat and possible death lingering over his army, Gallus was killed, along with his co-emperors. Trebonianus Gallus was not seen as a beneficial addition to the empire and caused a plethora of problems, along with a go uping feeling of discontent within the empire. The lack of skills Trebonianus possess called for the end of his life. Although Gallus lacked military skill, his statue portrait is portrayed with the hair and beard style that soldiers favored.This conveys how leaders were idealized as to express authority and the greatness of the empire. When the leader of a united group becomes corrupt and unfit to complete his role in government, the subjects take action into their own hands. If discontent rises, rebellion and removal of power are probable. The mutiny that occurred with the homocide of Gallus, greatly demonstrates the importance of having a competent and understanding ruler as well as how the state is strong enough to defend to problems that g reatly affect the state as a whole.The fall of the great Roman Empire can be credited to many positionors, but what caused the empire to completely corrode was the violation by barbarians. In 410 AD, the Visigoths were led by Alaric to Ravenna where they soon ransacked the city and caused Rome to finally surrender its title of immortal. Due to the empire being strained prior to the attacks because of corruption in government, loss of tradition, and an unskilled military, it was easy for Alaric to fulfill the prophecy of penetrating the city. It was clear that after the invasion by the Visigoths, Rome would not come out of it alive and victorious. The lack of a stable and prosperous government was one of the main factors that enabled Alaric to conquer Rome, which conveys the living of a strong government head. Compared to the fall of Rome, the plot of the Lord of the Flies by William Golding further explains why it is essential to have a central authority and how lacking this poli tical aspect can cause the downfall of a civilization.The 1954 novel discusses the social perils that ensue amongst English school boys once authority is not there to advise them. The literary work commences with the introduction of a tall blonde boy named Ralph that is soon accompanied by the voice of reason cognize as Piggy. During the time it takes Piggy and Ralph to become acquainted, they both realize that there are no adults on the island where their plane has crashed. They are astonished by this teaching but they still ask the question Arent there any grownups at all? The only reply that can be uttered is I dont think so. At first this information excited them and they become full of independence zeal, but later throughout the novel they dismay to realize that a stable figure head is needed in nine to have society function properly. Within society on the island, order is centered around a conch shell. This shell has symbolic value of order, normality, and power. Whomever holds the shell has the power to speak and to be heard. Piggy finds the shell within the first duad of stages of the plot and Ralph eventually uses it to signal the other children that were spread around the island by the crash.When all the children gather round the conch, a political issue arises Who will be leader? Between the two most influential people in the group, Ralph and the chorus leader, yap, an election is held. To Ralphs advantage, the children say Let him be chief with the trump thing. The children recognize the conch as a centralizing factor and they search for stability in their new lives on the island. As with most empires and groups, irrational actions and discontent began to grow due to fear, anger, and power struggles. Power is wanted by the chorus leader, Jack, who sees himself as the most capable leader.He wishes to be in control, so he seeks the most unequivocal role within the new society a hunter. By being the leader of the hunting party, he controls l ife and death and to whom or what he damages. The fact that Jack becomes this strong blood-thirsty leader enables the group to break away and form a corrupt and independent kingdom on the island. Strife begins to arise and red-faced actions begin to break out as the quest for power comes to a head. One of the most dramatic scenes in the book is when Ralph and Piggy go to Jacks fortress in search of peace and unity.This peaceful venture turns into a bloodbath when the conch is destroyed and Piggy is killed by a boulder that is pushed from a mountainside by a booby hatch-consumed boy named Roger. Piggy was trying to remind the boys of the importance of rescue and how unity and peace should exist between the boys, but due to the lack of a strong and noble government, chaos and violence rules the kingdom of Castle Rock. The conch was the only remaining symbol of unity and stability, and it was crushed under the angle of a rock, which symbolically can be interpreted as the pressures o f society and pure bedlam in society.The dark side of man is portrayed in the actions of the boys at Castle Rock. Because of these actions, Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of mans heart, and the fall through the air of a true, wise friend called Piggy. At this point in the novel, society is out of control and unorganized. The perils of man and the way society becomes tumultuous and coercive communicates the need for a stable head of government. For without a functioning government, chaos is able to run rampant and disorganization can spread wildly. Government helps to instill organization and keeps the people at peace of mind.The government makes corporal decisions that are usually for keeping social rebellions at ease and to keep daily lives functioning. History demonstrates these points, whether it be through the art works or the literary works, but still manage to communicate the ideals and power of the ruler of the time. Whether it be for a demonstration of po wer or a depiction of what society is like when not controlled, the purpose of the portrayals is to call for the use of a stable government in order to make a legacy for the empire in which the ruler has sovereignty.

Benefit of sport

It has a square shape which is the symbol of the nation or the earth. People eat Chunk cake to hope for a new year encompassing of luck and happiness. For the Vietnamese, making Ban Chunk is the ideal way to express gratitude to their ancestors and dentureland. Nowadays solid provender is very popular in my country. There are a lot of fast food eating house everywhere such as KEF, Lottery or BBC. The young people love eating fast food be make out the price Is reasonable and It Is not time-consuming. People Just come to the restaurant, order the food and Walt for nigh 5 minutes to enjoy the food.However, fast food Is not good for your health. It contains a lot of sugar, naughty and cholesterol which causes whatever diseases Like high blood pressure or heart attack. I exchangeable eating with my friends because it is a chance for me to talk with them about m whatever things in like such as piece of work, love or future Job. Eating with my friends also helps me to relax and f eel comfortable after a hard day studying at university. PART 2 Individual long turn I would like to talk about a repast that I can never forget. I had this meal at a hotel in the city. It is a farewell p pretentious.All members in my class at the highlights attended the arty to say goodbye to distributively other to study at the university. We were either so moved and burette Into tear. We thought about the time we had together and felt so sad. We wrote messages to each other and hope to study well In a new environment. PART 3 Discussion Eating at home Going to a restaurant Advantages It is cheap because you can go to the market and buy the food you like. You dont obtain to pay money for the chef or the servant as in a restaurant. It is more delicious because each person has a private taste.Thus, cooking at home helps you to decide what ingredient should be added into the food. It helps to lift the relationship inside your family. In my family, we always prepare and cook meals at home and we feel bullet and happier. We can try new and special food in deferent countries such as sushi, pasta, and so forth It helps us save time. We dont have to go to the market, prepare meals and clean up after having meals. The decoration In the restaurant Is so beautiful. It Is suitable for the special occasions Like birthday, anniversary, etc Disadvantages market, cook and wash the dishes.It is more big-ticket(prenominal) than eating at home. Since there are so many people who work at restaurants who all need to be paid, it costs such more than buying the ingredients at the grocery store and making dinner at home. It can be un healthful. You dont prepare the food yourself, so sometimes its hard to inhabit which ingredients are going into your meal. At some fast food restaurants they often add expand, sugar or preservatives into the food. We can be frustrated with the quality or service. Actually, in Hanoi, there are many historied restaurants with poor quality of serv ice such as a traditional PhD restaurant on squash racket Din street. . Do you think that vegetarians are healthier than people who eat a lot of effect? In mineral, vegetarian diets are lower in saturated fats, cholesterol and animal protein, and higher in vulcanized fiber and foliate than non-vegetarian diets. Consequently, vegetarians tend to have substantially reduced risks for obesity, heart disease, high blood pressure and some forms of cancer particularly lung cancer and colon cancer. In western countries, vegetarians often live longer, on average, than non-vegetarians. However, differences in lifestyle not Just eating habits also play a huge role in vegetarian health.People who choose to follow a vegetarian diet are often non- makers, have a lower organic structure weight, and exercise regularly. And, of course, not all vegetarians eat healthily. If a vegetarian replaces meat with high-fat cheeses, Junk food and so on, theyre marvelous to reap many health benefits afte r all, theres no meat in ice cream, potato chips, or fudge brownies Its certainly possible to be a vegetarian and still consume large quantities of high-fat, high-sugar empty calories. renewal meat with poor substitutes can lead to nutrient deficiencies in protein, iron, calcium, zinc and vitamin Bal 2.Athletes, children and pregnant females are articulacy at risk as their nutrient needs are especially high. Vegans (who eat no animal products of any type) especially need to supplement their vitamin 812 intake. Poor meal-planning, illness, stress and the excessive use of supplements can also cause problems. Its therefore wise to seek professional advice on your dietary needs before making the turn to vegetarianism. Vegetarian or not, a healthy diet should be low in cholesterol and saturated fat and based around fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein. Eliminating meat does not automatically make for a healthy diet.

A Model of Christian Charity & Letter to Philip Sidney

Winthrop, as mentioned before Is a dedicated Puritan, which are side colleens who believed that the Church of England was slander and needed to be purified, During this time period many Puritans and those of other religions were ridiculed and discriminated because of their faith. some(prenominal) restrictions were placed on them, and additional taxes were added tot their Income. Winthrop believed the only substance to purify the church was to leave England straightaway and light a new way of life. In his essay describes his perfect society as the inhabitants begin one with God and each other.He implies that a move now is the best way to begin purification. Hastily, and English writer and geographer saw many benefits form the colonization of the New World. With his background in geography he knew that northeast America would be filled with various types of raw materials and wild life. His letter gave examples of this variety mentioning the distinguishable types of wood such as cedar, oak, walnut and sundry. He explained how these resources would not only benefit the colonies but in addition benefit England.He believed the resources available loud be able to be divided equally among the colonies and England. He in like manner saw the financial benefits that they could come from colonization. Money was the most important reason for his proportions to colonize. Money was big pointor in his argument. In these essays both Winthrop and Hastily emphasized that the best way to receive their desired burden was to go now. To Hastily going now would be the best way to receive the maximum benefits from the North American raw materials.Winthrop believed leaving now was the only way to purify the church, saying that thing could be done for the church in England. Also stating the by leaving now would make the purification butt on to go faster. They also shared the ground on which they settled which was Massachusetts. They each believed a colony close together(p) the coast would help the more economically. A Model of Christian Charity & Letter to Philip Sidney By larders promulgated an essay to inform his followers of his solution to the problem if the corrupt Church of England.This solution in fact was moving to the New World. Richard Hastily, in 1582, sent a letter to Philip Sidney to inform of the great believed the solution to their issues was to go and colonized North America. Winthrop, as mentioned before is a dedicated Puritan, which are English citizens who believed that the Church of England was corrupt and needed to be purified. During this time period many Puritans and those of other religions were ridiculed additional taxes were added tot their income. Winthrop believed the only way to coast would help the more economically.

A Just Society

A just society is a cause of society that promotes the well being of every maven in the society. It makes it possible for people to pursue their common good. It treasures people from outer harm.This kind of society does not live in a state of anarchy but strives to bring on a utopian society. (Quigley, 1961) For a society to live in harmony and peace, there ar nearly rights and emancipation that the people are entit direct to which makes them work towards a just society. For instance certain rights and liberties moldiness be granted such as political liberties. (Quigley, 1961) This involves expansion of democratic space and institutions and the press should esteem its freedom.The people and political activists must develop freedom of speech as well as freedom of assembly. Other freedoms are association, the rights and freedoms within the rule of law (Rawls, 1993)).The freedom to set people free and protect them from slavery, freedom to move around without intimidation or fe ar, and freedom to work based on integritys decision as long as the occupation is within the law. Other liberty is of sense of right and wrong since it greatly impacts on the social relationships rooted in philosophy, morality and religion. (Rawls, 1971)If the people are not wedded certain rights and liberties to enjoy, they are likely to rebel and cause chaos. The rebellion is used as a guidance of asserting their authority in the matter and coerces the existing institutions to accord them their rights. (Rawls, 1971)Civil DisobedienceOne way through which people demo their dissatisfaction with the way the society is run. If a society does not have social, political institutions which can be escaped or formal, and proper economic structures it is likely to experience civil disobedience. A society which is dominated by civil disobedience is not just. This is because people do not have respect for the law or other structures put in place in the society for the well being of eac h(prenominal). (Rawls, 1993)Corruption is one indicator of a society which is not just due to civil disobedience. For instance, well committed individuals and authoritative politicians abuse the existing social and political structures and amasses wealth for themselves at the expense of the common man. This has led to widening disparity between the rich and the poor. (Quigley, 1961) Such individuals have means of influencing higher authorities and therefore they are able to access prevalent bills and other resources for their own personal gains. (Atkinson, 1982)As a top, there has been public outcry and desire to throw such people out of the government and public offices that they hold. Members of the society have resulted in staging demonstrations to express their grievances. The money which is stolen from the public coffers is meant to develop he society and generate persistent sources of income for the society. (Rawls, 1993)There have been untold crimes being committed by g reen people as a result of civil disobedience of those in higher authorities. Corruption which is a fruit of civil disobedience, has made the young people to commit crimes after being rewarded hand somewhat rewards by their sponsors, who are usually well connected individuals.Despite the evils committed, these individuals are not charged with any offence because they can influence and manipulate the judicial system. gibe to Rawl, he asserted everyone is in possession of an undisputable desire for justice the societys welfare as a whole cant underestimate it. Therefore lack of justice, breeds acts of corruption and some people are denied freedom and yet others share a greater good. The coercion assumes that the citizens are reasonable. (Rawls, 1993)The explosive charge for human rights does not do much to promote the rights of the people and thus the level of civil disobedience has increased overtime. The commission should look into the causes of corruption and tackle the problem from the grassroots. For instance, it is believed that some of the causes of corruption are edacity for wealth, low income levels, loose moral values, and lack of accountability on those handling financial matters. (Atkinson, 1982)Corruption has also led to inequality and total disregard of human rights. Equality and human rights are the basic concepts towards a just society. The human rights are evident in the way people live their everyday lives at all levels of the society. The social structure needs to cater for the needs of everyone to avoid corruption at low levels ahead it graduates to higher levels. For example transparency should be emphasized right from primary school and rewards should not be given to people for committing evil. (Rawls, 1993)The most notable forms of corruption involve massive looting of the public funds which translate into billions of dollars and sale of public corporations. Others involve embezzlement of money meant to pay employees. This contributes to unjust society. (Quigley, 1961)

Irish Music Assignment Essay

The term Sean-nos or traditional Irish rattabile in the Irish Language, is a style of singing, which is rooted in the Gaeltacht regions of the Ireland. There are three main styles of Sean-nos, corresponding to the three areas where Irish is still spoken as a community language, the Gaeltachtai of Munster, Connacht and Ulster. Munster Gaeltachtai includes parts of Kerry, Cork and Waterford, the Connemara region of Connacht and the Ulster Gaeltacht in Donegal. Although Sean-nos is apt outside these areas, only in these 3 areas would it be the to the highest degree popular. Even though all these areas cave in all share the same interest in singing they all have there witness unique ways of performing Sean-nos songs. Sean-nos singing is normally unaccompanied and performed as a solo art. The person who sings a Sean-nos song is usually telling a story through the song by corporate trust many vocal techniques, especially through the use of ornamentation and variation.Sean-nos singer s use different techniques to ornament the exploit of a song, One syllable in a word washbasin be sung to several notes and the notes back tooth be varies from verse to verse. Sometimes the notes to be ornamented can be adjacent to each other and at other times the gap between them is wide. This style of singing is confined mainly to Munster. Different notes can be stressed for a particular effect, or a note can be held over several beats. for example the famous Sean-nos singer from munster Iarla Lionird shows off these techniques of Ornamentation and variation in his most recent album Foxlight which was released in September 2011.Another obvious engagement between the Sean-nos style of singing can be seen in the Ulster style. Donegal sean-ns has been heavily influenced by Scots Gaelic song, which is much little ornamented than sean-ns. Donegal singers tend to keep a steady pulse throughout the song. The melody is presented with minimal ornamentation bedeck notes, and may to a fault contain a steady pulse throughout the song. The Donegal style of Sean-nos singing can be heard through Doimnic Mac Giolla Bhrde who is a well known sean-ns singer from Gaoth Dobhair, Co. Donegal who was the success of Corn U Riada, the Oireachtas sean-ns singing competition, in 2009.Dominic released his own album in 2004 called Saol na Suilce, presenting us with the unique Ulster style of Sean-nos singing Like the Munster style of singing Connacht Sean-nos singing in the Connemara area is also highly ornamentated with forms familiar to a traditional instrumentalis and also alot of variation making it difficult to tell the difference between the two, Seosamh hana from Connemara a famous Sean-nos singer that passed away in 1984 had recorded hundreds of songs using his evident Connemara style of singing.

Income Elasticity of Demand

Price shot of consider measures the microscope stage of responsiveness of sum solicited of a wide X to a given diversify to a price of itself, ceteris paribus. Price elasticity of demand is figure by dividing the proportionate change in standard demanded by the proportionate change in price. When PED is great than adept (PED 1) demand is said to be elastic When PED is between zero to one (0 PED 1) demand in said to be inelastic When PED is equal to one (PED 1) demand is said to be unit-elastic (unitary elasticity) A utterly inelastic demand curve, perpendicular to the X-axis, has zero elasticity.A perfectly elastic demand curve, horizontal to X axis, is infinitely elastic. The price elasticity of demand for a particular demand curve is influenced by the pursuit factors Availability of substitutes the greater the number of substitute products, the greater the elasticity. Degree of necessity or opulence luxury products tend to have greater elasticity than necessities. Some products that initially have a low degree of necessity ar habit forming and can become necessities to some consumers.Proportion of income required by the circumstance products requiring a larger portion of the consumers income tend to have greater elasticity. time period considered elasticity tends to be greater over the long run because consumers have more time to adjust their behavoir to price changes. Income elasticity of demand measure the degree of responsiveness of quantity demanded of good X to a given change in level of income, ceteris paribus.Income elasticity of demand is calculated by dividing the proportionate change in quantity demanded by the proportionate change in level of income. When YED is less than one (YED 1) demand is income inelastic. When YED is greater than one (YED 1) demand is income elastic. If YED is negative (YED 0) the good is sometimes referred to as an inferior good as opposed to average goods ( 0 YED 1) and superior ( luxury ) goods (YED1).The income elasticity of demand for a particular demand curve is influenced by the following factors Need of good ( Basic necessity or luxury good ) Level of income Time factor One reason for this is that as a society becomes richer, there are changes in consumer perceptions or so different goods and operate together with changes in consumer tastes and preferences. What might have been considered a luxury good several(prenominal) years ago might now be regarded as a necessityIncome Elasticity of requisiteIncome Elasticity of Demand is a measure of responsiveness of demand to the changes in income and it involves demand curve shifts. It provides study on the direction of change of demand, given a change in income and the size of the change. Formula for YED fortune change in quantity demanded = %?Q Percentage change in income %?Y Normal goods have a positive value of YED, while Inferior goods have a negative value of YED as shown in the graph below Normal goods when inc ome increases, demand for normal goods increases as well.An increase in income leads to an increase in consumption, demand shifts to the right Inferior goods when income increases, demand for this good falls. The demand curve shifts left as income rises. As income rises, the proportion spent on food tends to fall while the proportion spent on services tends to rise. Necessity and Luxury goods Necessity YED 1 If a good has a YED that is greater than one, is has income elastic demand a percentage increase in income produces a larger percentage increase in quantity demanded.Luxuries are income elastic goods. Like the I Phone or chewing gum. Applications of Income and elasticity of demand YED moment for producers and for the sparing Overt time the economy grows and the societys income increases. Increasing income means a cost increase demand for goods and services. If the average economic growth is 3% per year, goods and services have income elastic demand (YED 1) thus, the demand of these goods and services grows at a higher rate than 3%.Examples include Restaurants, Movies and Health care, (these goods and services are produced by industries that develop and expand more rapidly than the congeries income in the economy). Also the demands of other goods such(prenominal) as food, clothing and furniture which are inelastic have a rate of less than 3%, (these goods and services are produced by industries growing more slowly than total income). Higher YED greater forthcoming expansion Lower YED Smaller future expansion This means that before you may produce a good think about the YED. The three parts of an Economy Primary sector agriculture, forestry, fishing and extractive industries. commanding YED thus is income inelastic. * Manufacturing sector textile and appliances. Income elastic Negative YED. * Service sector entertainment, insurance and education. Higher YED, greater percentage increase in the demand. Hence as the total output of agricultural shares in the economy drops, the share manufactured output grows. Through continuous growth, the service sector expands at the expense of both(prenominal) agriculture and manufacturing as shown in the diagram belowLess economically developed countries have a larger primary sector while developed countries are dominated by services. **Remember that if the total output increases over time, a falling share of a certain sector (like the primary sector) does not automatically mean that the output is reducing, probably the sectors output is growing but slower than the total output. An increase share for a sector means that its output is growing more rapidly than the total output.

Principle of Retribution for International Crimes Essay

Principle of Retribution for International Crimes - Essay Exampleh. Without a coherent philosophical opening of criminal punishment to justify international criminal justice, the mere place or permission to apply a set of norms to international criminals remains vacuous. If such trials evokenot provide satisfying justice in a philosophically meaningful sense, they are more deeply flawed than whatever procedural objection would reveal. (John, 2001)The idea that all criminals should be punished for their illicit deeds, regardless of their political position, is at the heart of the modern international criminal law regime. The former argues that the benefits, over either the short or long run, of punishing people such as Goring or Saddam Hussein in a legal forum justify such trials. Such thinkers point to the usual battery of functional arguments for punishment deterring future crimes, establishing a historical record of the criminal acts, reforming lawbreakers, providing a sense of closure to their victims, and so forth The other, more abstract view declares that justice itself demands that these people be punished independent of all harmful or beneficial consequences that may arise from their trial. For retributivists, other benefits of punishment, though desirable in themselves, are morally insignificant. It is the latter view that is the only valid justification for trying the unique sorts of crimes that the international courts subscribe to been designed to handle. (Larry, 2005)Arnaud does not argue for the philosophical soundness of retributivism as such, nor he defendes the philosophical legitimacy of war-crimes trials in general. Specifically, he stated that one cannot make sense out of the intuitions, values, and beliefs that stand tail the current effort toward international criminal trials and war-crimes trials (or their shared ideology, if you will (Arnaud 2004, 1) unless one understands it to be rooted in a retributivist theory of punishmen t. While the term ideology is a loaded one, it nonetheless captures the point the ideology standing behind modern international criminal law and the laws of war displays a noted bias in choose of the retributivist principles articulated by Kant (among others). Ultimately, war-crimes trials do not provide the greatest happiness for the greatest number. (Christopher 2002, 43-61)Despite most important philosophical differences among individual thinkers, retributivists share some common central beliefs. For these thinkers, the rationale for punishment is metaphysical in character in the sense that it is rooted in abstract principles of justice and right. Justice is the independent, immaterial motivation for punishment, and it serves as the sole determining ground for punishment. Punishment by a court (poena forensis) ... can never be inflicted merely as a

Immigrants from Columbia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Immigrants from Columbia - Essay ExampleMen usually shake pass on with direct eye contact and use of appropriate greeting of the day is very vital. Women often do not shake hands but rather grasps forearms.The official language in Colombia is Spanish and its spoken widely and the rest ar American Indian languages. Religious wise, Colombians are Roman Catholics and such personal issues as marriage and family life have been highly influenced by the same.Thus my approach in trying to work with this family would be to first approach the elders of the family (in this case the grandparents) and strike a friendship with the them since they are the most revered and will obviously have the final say. I would engage them with the language that they get wind best and then try to deduce claims of abuse. If the claims are true, then I will follow the mightily way to have the children registered in the appropraite way so as they can benefit from the Department of Children and Family, of cut across with the full support of their mother and

DVT and treatment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

DVT and treatment - Essay ExampleOther risk factors for DVT include post artificer period, pregnancy, puerperium, local harm and stasis, smoking, obesity, lupus anticoagulant, post-stroke or neurological trauma, type-A blood group, malignancy, deficiencies of protein C, protein S or antithrombin III, impaired fibrinolysis as in post operative patients, those on estrogens, acute myocardial infection and congestive heart failure, hyperlipidemia, increasing age, inflammatory bowel unhealthiness and homocystinuria. Studies have shown that patients receiving general anaesthesia have a 500% increased risk of DVT compared with patients receiving epidural anesthesia for the same surgical procedure (Craig 2005).Vascular endothelial injury, even though minimal, exposes amorphous electron-dense substance which stimulates platelet adhesion and aggregation. The release of amorphous electron-dense substance is enhanced by activity of the intrinsic coagulation cascade. thrombocyte adhesion and aggregation causes formation of hemostatic plug after which coagulation pathways are activated and thrombin is generated. Fibrin cross-linking builds a true thrombus out of what was initially a loose aggregation of blood elements (Craig, 2005). Normally, these series of events are opposed. In conditions as discussed above, these events are unopposed resulting in propagation of thrombus throughout the venous system. This is further accentuated by heraldic bearing of reduced blood flow wherein the activated coagulation factors will accumulate.In many cases DVT may proceed asymptomatic. The classic signs and symptoms of DVT are pain, tenderness, and unilateral leg swelling, due to obstruction to venous drainage. Other signs include warmth, erythema, a palpable cord, pain upon passive dorsi crimp of the foot, and spontaneous maintenance of the relaxed foot in abnormal plantar flexion (Craig 2005). Cellulitis can occur and in severe cases, pulmonary embolism can

Control Room Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

falsify Room - Movie Review ExampleHowever, this movie, Control Rooms, reveal a different side to the facts, the characterization reveals the extent to which the staff and reporting crew of the Media network had gone to convey the truth behind the sugar-coated waged war against the innocent civilians of Iraq (Samuel-Azran 73-89). Thus, in my opinion, in spite of its sketchiness, the movie de followrs the message of its theme explicitly and indirectly, that touches the real cords of the hearts of sensitive humans. 2. To what extent the documentary might change your perception on the war in Iraq? I agree to Ty Burr (2004) when he says, Control Room is like an open windowpane that sucks the smog out of the room. Clear-sighted and fair-minded, sympathetic to everyone except Saddam Hussein and the topmost level of the US government, this modest yet necessary documentary digs into the tussle between bias and balance in modern journalism and sends you out debating where one sides repor ting becomes the other sides distortion. This movie has changed my perception of war in Iraq to a greater extent. Earlier I had taken this military act to be against a feral and killing enemy who had a monster like image in my imagination. Never had I considered the mint dying there to be humans. I had always regarded their execution as a winning armorial bearing accomplished. ... If US had to wage a war against Saddam Hussain, it must have had find some other way. To kill millions of people in the name of execution of their tyrannical ruler is to add inflict on injury. These people were already suffering and the military invasion had destroyed whatever they had managed to save so far. Truly, I am impressed and affected by the reporting of Al-Jazeera now as the station has revealed (and continues to show the world) everything somewhat the Iraq War that the Bush administration did not want it to see (Varma, 2004) 3. Critically identify the strengths and weaknesses of the video. The video, Control Room, is no doubt a marvelous and daring act done by Noujaim. The movie reveals hidden truths and fretfulness for reality that is shared by all the journalists with living conscience. She has focused the role of the Qatar based media network, Al-Jazeera, which had covered the mad details of the happenings in Iraq. This particular network had sent its correspondents in Baghdad and other areas where they had covered the live details of the bombarding and shelling on the innocent civilians for which US government had blamed it to be a official document in the hands of propagandist lobby of Arabs. However, the video exclusively reveals the false facets of the media world and this particular flavor makes this movie strong and effective. Moreover, Noujaim has just offered details of what happens behind the camera in a news commission network. All the interviews are taken in a bias free and impartial manner and the coating is left to the watcher. She has not tried to force her own ideas on the people she has just captured with her camera what she found. In the spirit of welcoming all information, she refuses to draw conclusions--these are left to the

Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Report - Assignment eventThis in turn would aid in taking decisions in an organization effectively. Discussion Combination of Both, the text Chapter and Journal In todays competitive channel world, it is vital for any association to try the out-of-door along with internal settings before making any final decision. With extension service to the book i.e. Organisational Behaviour, An earlier Text by Huczynski and Buchanan it can be viewed that the writers have underlined the significance of studying an environment in an business as it aids in making decisions that do help in mitigating a risk arising situation. This in turn facilitates to make effective strategies and policies to deal with any future risks. Moreover, the writers have in like manner helped in appreciation that conducting study to implement certain policies within a business may fail at time as it would not provide a detailed analysis of the outer world which comprises the changing trends, demands and exclusi vely those factors that may aid a business to achieve its desired goals. The aspect of impression management has also been delineated as a crucial element as establishing a brand image has gravel vital for every make-up to maintain a substantial customer retention rate (Huczynski & Buchanan, 2001). With reference to the journal i.e. The Interorganizational Virtual Organisation by Kasper-Fuehrer and Ashkanasy, it can be viewed that the author here explains the grandness of establishing virtual(prenominal)(prenominal) organisation (VO) in todays commercial world. Additionally, the journal mainly highlights the importance of establishing interrogational forms that focus on establishing a cooperative purview to attain individual organisational goals. However, the journal article has also stated the importance of intra-organisational form. The main reason behind selecting this journal is that it has not only facilitated in understanding the different forms of virtual organisation but h as offered evidences regarding the way in which the establishment of VO can aid an organisation in every sphere (Kasper-Fuehrer & Ashkanasy, 2003). Self-Reflection With emergence of globalisation and the rapid technological proliferation, todays businesses are growing at a rapid speed. It has therefore become vital for every business corporation to understand the external environment as it helps in making effective decisions along with enabling to identify techniques and potential impacts of the external trends. This external force mainly includes change in demand, change in technology, increasing competitiveness of the competitors, environmental policy and laws among others that have a direct influence on the internal operational characteristics of an association (Marcin & Wojciech, 2013). In this context, I would like to state that I have been a part of an organisation that mainly emphasized following contingency theory as an integral part of the operational activities. On close a nalysis, I have come know that the main reason behind following the theory within the organisation has been owing to its acceptance factor that facilitates a business to analyse the environment along with making its for certain that the proposed plan meets all the current requirements of the environment.